Ellipsoidal heads, shown in Figure 100-5, are frequently used for the end closure of cylindrical shells. Since the radius of curvature varies from point to…
Category: Process Design
A sphere is the ideal shape for containing internal pressure because: (1) the loads developed in the shell are lower than for any other shape;…
The most important case in vessel design is a thin shell surface of revolution subjected to internal pressure. The internal pressure can be a uniform…
Pressure vessels basically consist of a cylindrical or spherical body, with hemispherical, ellipsoidal, torispherical, conical, toriconical, or flat end-closures. The various shell components are usually…
Peak stresses in pressure vessels are generally the highest stresses that exist in the various separate components of a vessel. They are distinguished from primary…
Secondary stresses differ from primary stresses because they are self-limiting. Secondary stresses develop at structural discontinuities. Examples of secondary stresses are: 1. Bending stresses at…
Local primary membrane stress is a subcategory of primary membrane stress that is developed by sustained internal and external loads similar to primary membrane stresses.…
Primary bending stresses vary from tension to compression through the crosssection of a pressure vessel shell component. They are generally at a maximum at the…
Primary membrane stresses are tensile or compressive stresses that are essentially uniform through the entire cross-section of a pressure vessel component. Consequently, gross plastic deformation…
Primary stresses are those developed in each component of a vessel due to sustained internal and external loads. The fundamental characteristic of primary stresses is…