This equation, which is also sometimes called the Weisbach equation or the Darcy-Weisbach equation, states that the friction head loss between two points in a…
It is customary to express the energy contained in a fluid in terms of the potential energy contained in an equivalent height or “head” of…
Flow regimes describe the nature of fluid flow. There are two basic flow regimes for flow of a single-phase fluid: laminar flow and turbulent flow.…
The Reynolds number is a dimensionless parameter that relates the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces. It can be expressed by the following general…
The relief header is a system of piping connecting the outlets of all the relief valves into a common pipe or header that goes to…
A pipe that releases gas to disperse into the atmosphere is called a vent. If the gas is burned at the tip, it is called…
A vent scrubber is a two-phase separator designed to remove the liquid from the relieving fluids before the gas is flared or vented. The liquid…
Each relief valve should be equipped with inlet piping no smaller than the valve inlet flange size, and inlet piping should be as short as…
Two-Phase Flow There are no precise formulas for calculating orifice area for twophase flow. The common convention is to calculate the area required for the…
Conventional Valve, Balanced-Bellows Valve, or Pilot-Operated Valve The corresponding equations for liquid flow are the following: Note that a preliminary orifice size must be determined…