Nozzles for pressure vessels can also be fabricated from standard size pipe and ANSI piping flanges, or from rolled-and-welded plate with plate flanges, as shown…
Integrally reinforced nozzles are recommended for shell components that are 2-inches thick and greater, or that have maximum design temperatures of 650°F and higher. These…
Elliptical and spherical heads for pressure vessels can be formed from one piece of plate by “pressing.” Plate of the required thickness is first cut…
Cylindrical ring courses for pressure vessels are most frequently fabricated by a process referred to as “rolling and welding.” Plate with the required thickness is…
Plate materials are procured according to the materials specification and grade shown on the vessel drawing, or as proposed by the fabricator. These materials are…
Note that “minimum pressuring temperature” (MPT) is the same as “minimum design metal temperature” (MDMT). Most vessels built since 1969 to Company specifications should already…
Temperature. The ferritic steels (carbon, low alloy, and 400 series stainless) undergo a ductile-to-brittle transition as temperature is lowered. Each of these steels has a…
Fracture mechanics uses stress analysis techniques to define a stress intensity factor (KI) which is proportional to the product of stress and the square root…
Fracture mechanics is an analytical tool for quantitatively relating the factors controlling susceptibility to brittle fracture. Fracture mechanics is used only in critical applications justifying…
Autorefrigeration should be considered when selecting steels, as described below. In some liquid services such as LPG, a leak could reduce the pressure and cause…