Carbon steel vessels that have been in operation at temperatures above approximately 800°F are subject to graphitization. Graphitization can reduce the strength of carbon steel…

Deterioration of a pressure vessel during normal operation by thermal aging of the material is not a serious concern for most pressure vessels. Some types…

External corrosion of a pressure vessel is always attributable to some form of atmospheric corrosion. It is highly dependent on the natural atmospheric conditions prevailing…

Some pressure vessels are provided with corrosion-resistant claddings or weld overlays to protect the vessel shell in severely corrosive process environments, when a reasonable corrosion…

Many crude oils contain napthenic acid that can cause severe corrosion resembling pitting. Other inorganic acids (including sulfuric and hydrofluoric) are used in various processes…

Corrosion by chloride compounds occurs only at temperatures below the dew point of water. This type of corrosion usually occurs below the liquid level, unless…

Process environments that contain sulfur compounds, such as H2S, can be very highly corrosive to carbon steels and low-alloy steels at temperatures above 500°F. This…

Internal corrosion is the most frequently encountered form of deterioration that can affect the integrity and reliability of a pressure vessel. Fortunately, it is usually…

A distinction should be made between the functions of Authorized Inspectors and ASNT (American Society of Nondestructive Testing) Certified NDE Technicians with regard to the…

The “National Board Inspection Code” is issued by the National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors, which is composed of Chief Inspectors from the…